In the decade between 1827 and 1837 a series of localized epidemics hit the Woodland areas of Northern Saskatchewan, infecting the Woodland Cree and Saulteaux. During the 1820s smallpox was raging across in the Missouri River valley, but vaccination efforts at Red River Colony largely halted the spreading of smallpox onto the Plains while also providing some immunity for the smallpox epidemic of 1837. During this decade multiple different illnesses infected the Canadian interior. among them was two new illnesses in chickenpox and mumps. In addition, whooping cough, influenza, and smallpox all returned, although it should be noted that due to vaccination efforts this period saw a decline in smallpox outbreaks. Other illnesses, particularly respiratory complaints, were reported at an increased rate.
Summary
Implications
These epidemics had a more significant impact on the Woodland region than on the Plains. The epidemics lead to the fracturing of villages and families in the north with many seeking refuge with the Plains Cree. This led to the Plains Cree increasing in size by over 10,000 between 1823 and 1863. Following 1821 the general migration southward following the buffalo migration patterns and an increasing importance in the buffalo trade continued, but at a more rapid pace than before as American trading posts on the Missouri River were attracting the Indigenous nations on the Plains.
Sub Event
Woodland groups drastically affected
Resources
Date
1827-00-00
Theme(s)