journal article

Author's Introduction, Page 259-260:

"Native women's struggles against social inequality and Contemporary violence and for Native sovereignty and self-determination are mired in histories of sexist ideologies and practices. While these struggles and histories did not begin in the nineteenth century (sexism certainly existed before then), they were fortified in powerful ways by the Indian Act of 1868. The act consolidated under Canadian Parliament authority all previous colonial legislation addressing the status and rights of Native people in Canada.

Excerpt from Jones' article, Page 56-57:

"The decimation of American Indian population that followed European arrival in the Americas was one of the most shocking demographic events of the last millennium.

Author's Abstract, Page 356:

"This article examines the ways in which colonial policing and punishment of Indigenous peoples evolved as an inherent part of the colonial state-building process on the connected 19th century frontiers of south-central Australia and western Canada.

Author's Abstract, 276:

"While the number of non-regulatory environmental governance arrangements overseeing mining has been growing in Canada, there remains limited research critically examining Aboriginal peoples’ experiences in these emerging institutions. This is especially notable with respect to the sharing of techno-scientific information, often used as a means of enabling Aboriginal peoples’ participation and engendering their trust.

Abstract from the Author, Page 229:

"Co-management agreements among indigenous people, state agencies, and other stakeholders offer substantial promise as a way of dealing with natural resource conflicts in a participatory and equitable manner. However, experience shows that co-management regimes can set into motion new conflicts or cause old ones to escalate. In practice the result may not be power sharing but rather a strengthening of the state's control over resource policy, management, and allocation.

Author's Abstract, 307:

"This paper examines the explosion of tuberculosis infections among First Nations communities of western Canada during the critical period from Canada’s acquisition of the Northwest to the early 1880s. In the early 1870s, the disease was relatively rare among the Indigenous population of the plains. Within a few years, the situation changed dramatically. By the early 1880s, TB was widely recognized to be the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among First Nations populations.

From the Author's Abstract, Page 1591:

"Sanitoriums served a much-needed purpose in the age prior to antituberculosis drugs: They removed the infected patient from wider society and created an environment that promoted recovery. We aimed to (a) describe sanitoriums from the perspective of a First Nations reserve community in northern Canada and (b) understand the impact of the sanitorium experience at a community level. Semistructured interviews (n = 15) were conducted in a First Nations reserve community with a high incidence of tuberculosis.

Author's Abstract:

"In the 1930s, sanatorium directors and medical bureaucrats warned of the threat to Canadian society of ‘Indian tuberculosis.’ Long-standing government policy aimed to isolate Aboriginal people on reserves and in residential schools, while their access to medical care was limited by government parsimony and community prejudice. Characterized as ‘racially careless’ concerning their own health, Aboriginal bodies were seen as a menace to their neighbours and a danger to the nation.

Author's Abstract, Page 277:

"This article examines how Native children of the Qu'Appelle reserves in southern Saskatchewan became the subjects of a trial of the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis in 1933. Race and theories of racial evolution were referred to in the construction of the Native people as "primitives" and the reserves as disease menaces to the surrounding communities. Dr. R. G.

The BCG, an early TB vaccine, aimed to treat tuberculosis by using an weakened strain of bovine tuberculosis. Lux writes how the controversial drug was implemented in Indigenous communities stricken with tuberculosis, despite being aware of the risks that it could infect healthy children with TB.