Pheasant Rump and Ocean Man Amalgamation to White Bear

Summary

First reserve land surrender in Saskatchewan. Clifford Sifton forced Pheasant Rump and Ocean Man First Nations to surrender their entire land base (46,720 acres) and move onto White Bear’s reserve. It is suggested from an interpreter’s records that Indian Affairs superintendent James A. Smart may have threatened the band with forcible removal if they did not agree to the terms of surrender. The land was sold for a price of $1.23 an acre, while nearby non-reserve lands were being sold for approximately $3 an acre.

Implications
The band received less than market value for their land, suggesting that finding a non-Indigenous buyer was more important than ensuring that Indigenous people received a fair price. Thus, after having been threatened with forcible removal, the band's inability to enforce a sale price at par with market value resulted in their economic exploitation. Several sociocultural problems arose because of this amalgamation, which resulted in the combination of four distinct Indigenous nations (Saulteaux, Cree, Nakota, Dakota) being restricted to one reserve. In the 1970s Ocean Man descendants were part of a land claim launched against the federal government that eventually saw the successful re-establishment of both the band (1988) and their reserve (1992).
Sources

Laird to the minister of the interior, 10 August 1877, LAC RG 10, vol. 3650, file 8347.

Sub Event
Pheasant Rump and Ocean Man Land Surrenders
Date
1901-00-00